GEO series

Oligodendrocyte precursor cell regulates microglial transition to neuroprotective phenotype by BMP4 driven acquisition of disease associated state in Alzheimer’s disease

GSE241211 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 12 samples Submitted 2026/01/20 Platform GPL19057Platform GPL24247

At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 12 samples

What it is: RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism: Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples: 12 samples: 7 × 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cortex, vs 5 × 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, cortex,Groups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get: A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper: Oligodendrocyte precursor cells-microglia crosstalk via BMP4 drives microglial neuroprotective response and mitigates Alzheimer's diseaseSignal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026

Summary (written by the submitters)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) reciprocally communicate with microglia in a context-dependent manner probably for immune surveillance, extending beyond their initial function as progenitor cells.

Read the full summary ↓

In this study, we showed that late-OPC, also known as committed oligodendrocyte precursors (COPs), markedly upregulated expression of Bmp4 in response to Amyloid-β (Aβ). Selective Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) knock-out in OPCs of AD mouse model led to impairment of microglial clustering around Aβ plaque and Aβ phagocytosis, resulting in a substantial increase of Aβ deposition alongside dystrophic neurites. Mechanistically, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad) signaling pathway, activated by Bmp4 derived from late-OPC, directly induced Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) expression in microglia. This molecular cascade was required for robust acquisition of the disease-associated microglia (DAM) transcriptome, ultimately contributing to the development of neuroprotective DAM at early stage of amyloid deposition, prior to severe neuronal loss. Late-OPC sourced Bmp4 dependent appearance of DAM facilitated microglial barrier for Aβ plaque compaction, thereby insulating toxic Aβ species from adjacent neurites. Notably, intracerebroventricular administration of adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying Bmp4 to AD mouse enhanced Trem2 expression of microglia around Aβ plaque, resulting in acceleration of plaque compaction. Consequently, this intervention alleviated synaptic damage and memory loss. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that OPC-specific Bmp4 drives a molecular cascade to turn microglia into protective phenotype, providing a theoretical basis for a novel therapeutic strategy to target AD onset.

Published in

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells-microglia crosstalk via BMP4 drives microglial neuroprotective response and mitigates Alzheimer's disease

Baek S, Jang J, Yeo S et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy 2026 · PMID 41881962 · doi:10.1038/s41392-026-02620-9

This dataset

Open GSE241211 in finder → Find more mouse RNA-seq datasets →

Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE241211_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1006731 and SRA study SRP455872. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 41881962) ↗

Study design

7 × 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cortex, vs 5 × 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, cortex,

Supports a between-group comparison across 12 samples.

How we read this: 2 replicated groups read from 12 sample titles; they account for 12 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

GSM7719446 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cortex, replicate 1 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cor…
GSM7719447 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cortex, replicate 2 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cor…
GSM7719448 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cortex, replicate 3 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cor…
GSM7719449 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cortex, replicate 4 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cor…
GSM7719450 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cortex, replicate 5 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cor…
GSM7719451 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cortex, replicate 6 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cor…
GSM7719452 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cortex, replicate 7 5xFAD;Bmp4-WT mice, cor…
GSM7719453 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, cortex, replicate 1 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, co…
GSM7719454 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, cortex, replicate 2 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, co…
GSM7719455 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, cortex, replicate 3 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, co…
GSM7719456 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, cortex, replicate 4 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, co…
GSM7719457 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, cortex, replicate 5 5xFAD;Bmp4-cKO mice, co…

Datasets on a similar topic

GSE231306 Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) mediates inflammation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in the vascular remodeling of angiotensin (Ang) II -induced abdominal aortic aneurysm 2 samples shares bmp4, transition
GSE290816 Cell autonomous regional differences in oligodendrocyte precursor cell development and response to oncohistone H3.3 K27M [RNA-seq] 142 samples shares oligodendrocyte, precursor
GSE290817 Cell autonomous regional differences in oligodendrocyte precursor cell development and response to oncohistone H3.3 K27M [scRNA-seq] 22 samples shares oligodendrocyte, precursor
GSE249268 Transcriptional profiling of murine oligodendrocyte precursor cells across the lifespan 20 samples shares oligodendrocyte, precursor
GSE78809 Novel neuroprotective and neurogenic phenotype of microglia 17 samples shares neuroprotective, phenotype
GSE300591 Temporal changes in metabolism guide oligodendrocyte precursor cell dynamics in aging and multiple sclerosis 15 samples shares oligodendrocyte, precursor
GSE285995 Oligodendrocyte precursor cells facilitate neuronal lysosome release 12 samples shares oligodendrocyte, precursor
GSE310482 Cell autonomous regional differences in oligodendrocyte precursor cell development and response to oncohistone H3.3 K27M 217 samples shares oligodendrocyte, precursor

Search all mouse RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

Share this dataset

Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.