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Nuclear-localized HDAC4 promotes neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury

GSE252860 Mus musculus (mouse) Single-cell RNA-seq 12 samples Submitted 2026/01/01 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · mouse · 12 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
12 samples: 6 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Background: As the sole output neurons for the retina, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) transmit all visual information from the retina via the optic nerve to the brain. RGCs do not regenerate when injured, and effective therapies for promoting RGC survival and axon regeneration in optic neuropathies comprise an unmet clinical need, including in the common disease glaucoma.
Read the full summary ↓
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are epigenetic modifiers that repress gene transcription and play a key role in retinal development and disease. In this study, we identify the role of HDAC4 in RGC neurodegeneration and axon regeneration. Methods: The role of HDAC4 in the regulation of RGC neuroprotection and axon regeneration was studied in the mouse optic nerve crush (ONC) model for optic neuropathy by transduction of RGCs in vivo with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. HDAC4- and ONC-dependent gene expression in vivo were studied by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of isolated RGCs. Results: A loss-of-function screen for the role of HDACs in RGC survival after optic nerve crush (ONC) injury identified HDAC4 as essential element for RGC survival. Accordingly, expression of a constitutively nuclear HDAC4 S246/467/632A missense mutant (3SA) increased RGC survival and axon regeneration after ONC injury. Similar beneficial effects were conferred by expression of an N-terminal fragment of HDAC4 (HDAC4 NT) that constitutively represses gene expression. scRNA-seq showed that one day after ONC injury, transcriptomic profiles of RGCs were altered such that HDAC4 NT and to a lesser degree the HDAC4 3SA mutant attenuated the gene expression changes associated with injury. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that enhancement of nuclear HDAC4 activity will promote RGC survival and axon regeneration in the ONC model of RGC injury, identifying HDAC4 as a novel target in the development of therapeutics for RGC protection and restoration of visual function.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE252860_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1062840 and SRA study SRP482787. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
6 conditions, mostly in duplicate
HDAC4NT ×2 HDAC4NT_1dpc ×2 HDAC43SA ×2 HDAC43SA_1dpc ×2 Control ×2 Control_1dpc ×2

Supports a between-group comparison across 12 samples.

How we read this: 6 replicated groups read from 12 sample titles; they account for 12 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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