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Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces cortical layer, brain region, and protocol dependent neural plasticity [Bulk RNA-seq]

GSE259403 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 15 samples Submitted 2025/01/13 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 15 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
15 samples: 5 × Somatosensory cortex cells, iTBS, vs 5 × Somatosensory cortex cells, cTBS, vs 5 × Somatosensory cortex cells, sham,Groups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces cortical layer-, brain region-, and protocol-dependent neural plasticityScience advances · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Repetitive transcranial magentic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive toll commonly used to study neural plasticity processes and treat neurological disorders. Despite the popularity of rTMS, it is still unclear what neural plasticity mechanisms are induced in the brain regions at and beyond the stimulation site, and how this varies with different rTMS protocols.
Read the full summary ↓
Here we used spatial transcriptomics to map the neural plasticity mechanisms induced across cortical and sub-cortical regions following intermittent or continuous theta-burst stimulation protocols to the mouse sensorimotor cortex. Our results revealed that rTMS alters the expression of genes related to several cellular processes and neural plasticity mechanisms across the brain which was both brain region and rTMS protocol dependent. In the cortex, the effect of rTMS was not only dependent on the cortical region, but also the cortical layer within each cortical region. These findings uncover the neural plasticity mechanisms induced across the brain following rTMS and help inform how different stimulation protocols can be used to drive specific neural plasticity mechanisms.
Published in
Subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces cortical layer-, brain region-, and protocol-dependent neural plasticity
Ong RCS, Tang AD · Science advances 2025 · PMID 39772671 · doi:10.1126/sciadv.ado6705
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE259403_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1081424 and SRA study SRP492114. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
5 × Somatosensory cortex cells, iTBS, vs 5 × Somatosensory cortex cells, cTBS, vs 5 × Somatosensory cortex cells, sham,

Supports a between-group comparison across 15 samples.

How we read this: 3 replicated groups read from 15 sample titles; they account for 15 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.