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Bi-directional neuro-immune communication regulates host defense against helminth infection

GSE260708 Mus musculus Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 4 samples Submitted 2025/01/31 Platform GPL24247
Summary
Emerging studies reveal that neuropeptides play critical role in regulating anti-helminth immune responses, hinting at the potential of intrinsic enteric neurons (iENs) in orchestrating intestinal immunity. However, whether and how the iENs get activated during infection, and whether they engage in a bi-directional communication with the immune cells, remain poorly defined. Here we show that iENs became activated in response to helminth infection. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of the iENs revealed significant alterations in gene expression in IL-13R+ intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs), including the upregulation of the neuropeptide -CGRP. Using genetic mouse models, we demonstrated that both group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and neuronal IL-13R signaling are indispensable for optimal iEN activation, which subsequently inhibit ILC2 responses and anti-helminth immunity. Together, these results reveal a previously unrecognized bi-directional neuro-immune crosstalk in the intestine.
Published in
Bi-directional communication between intrinsic enteric neurons and ILC2s inhibits host defense against helminth infection
Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu S et al. · Immunity 2025 · PMID 39889704 · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2025.01.004
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1082736 and SRA study SRP492862. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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