Modulation of tsRNA and mRNA expression by mesenchymal stem cells in COPD model mice

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by lung parenchymal destruction and small airway remodeling, involving processes like inflammation, cell apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and collagen deposition. There are currently no targeted drugs for airway remodeling. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show promise in COPD treatment, yet their impact on airway remodeling and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are non-coding RNAs implicated in disease regulation, but their role in COPD and their modulation by BMSCs remain unexplored. Our study assessed BMSC effects on airway remodeling in a COPD mouse model and constructed tsRNA and mRNA expression profiles. Based on the differentially expressed tsRNA-mRNA target pairs identified by tsRNA and mRNA sequencing, we constructed a tsRNA regulatory network linked to COPD airway remoding. The modulation of tsRNA by MSCs may represent one of the pathways through which they ameliorate COPD airway remodeling. Our research will enrich the understanding of BMSC therapy for COPD and provide greater insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression and treatment of airway remodeling.