The Weight of Multiple Hits: How TBI and Infectious Encephalitis Co-Modulate Adverse Outcomes

Compared to patients with no TBI history, patients with a TBI history at least one month before infectious encephalitis have an increased risk of mortality, epilepsy, and dementia or delirium. Those with a history of TBI have an increased risk of various outcomes, including mortality, epilepsy, and dementia. Bulk RNA sequencing of the hippocampus from mice subjected to CCI injury and VEEV infection demonstrated that key pathways, specifically those involved in granzyme-mediated cell death, were enriched compared to VEEV infection alone.