GEO series

Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as a gut microbiome dependent immune factor that alters molecular and behavioral responses to cocaine

GSE270650 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 23 samples Submitted 2025/02/26 Platform GPL21103

At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 23 samples

What it is: RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism: Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples: 23 samples: 6 × GMCSF-Cocaine vs 6 × GMCSF-Saline vs 6 × PBS-Cocaine vs 5 × PBS-SalineGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get: A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper: Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as a gut microbiome dependent immune factor that alters molecular and behavioral responses to cocaine in male miceBrain, behavior, and immunity · 2024

Summary (written by the submitters)

Cocaine use disorder is a condition that leads to tremendous morbidity and mortality for which there are currently no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies. Previous research has demonstrated an important role for the resident population of bacteria of the large intestine, collectively dubbed the gut microbiome, in modulating brain and behavior in models of cocaine and other substance use disorders.

Read the full summary ↓

Importantly, previous work has repeatedly shown that depletion of the gut microbiome leads to increased cocaine taking and seeking behaviors in multiple models. While the precise mechanism of these gut-brain signaling pathways in models of cocaine use is not fully clear, and intriguing possibility is through gut microbiome influences on innate immune system function. In this manuscript we identify the cytokine colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as an immune factor that is increased by cocaine in a gut microbiome dependent manner. Peripherally injected CSF2 crosses the blood-brain barrier into the nucleus accumbens, a brain region central to behavioral responses to cocaine. Treatment with peripheral CSF2 reduces acute and sensitized locomotor responses to cocaine as well as reducing cocaine place preference at high doses. On a molecular level, we find that peripheral injections of CSF2 alter the transcriptional response to both acute and repeated cocaine in the nucleus accumbens. Finally, treatment of microbiome depleted mice with CSF2 reverses the behavioral effects of microbiome depletion on the conditioned place preference assay. Taken together, this work identifies an innate immune factor that represents a novel gut-brain signaling cascade in models of cocaine use and lays the foundations for further translational work targeting this pathway.

Published in

Colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) as a gut microbiome dependent immune factor that alters molecular and behavioral responses to cocaine in male mice

Lucerne KE, Dean CR, Osman A et al. · Brain, behavior, and immunity 2024 · PMID 39098439 · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.003

This dataset

Open GSE270650 in finder → Find more mouse RNA-seq datasets →

Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE270650_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1127627 and SRA study SRP515791. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 39098439) ↗

Study design

6 × GMCSF-Cocaine vs 6 × GMCSF-Saline vs 6 × PBS-Cocaine vs 5 × PBS-Saline

Supports a between-group comparison across 23 samples.

How we read this: 4 replicated groups read from 23 sample titles; they account for 23 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

GSM8349291 GMCSF-Cocaine_1 GMCSF-Cocaine
GSM8349292 GMCSF-Cocaine_2 GMCSF-Cocaine
GSM8349293 GMCSF-Cocaine_3 GMCSF-Cocaine
GSM8349294 GMCSF-Cocaine_4 GMCSF-Cocaine
GSM8349295 GMCSF-Cocaine_5 GMCSF-Cocaine
GSM8349296 GMCSF-Cocaine_6 GMCSF-Cocaine
GSM8349297 GMCSF-Saline_1 GMCSF-Saline
GSM8349298 GMCSF-Saline_2 GMCSF-Saline
GSM8349299 GMCSF-Saline_3 GMCSF-Saline
GSM8349300 GMCSF-Saline_4 GMCSF-Saline
GSM8349301 GMCSF-Saline_5 GMCSF-Saline
GSM8349302 GMCSF-Saline_6 GMCSF-Saline
GSM8349303 PBS-Cocaine_1 PBS-Cocaine
GSM8349304 PBS-Cocaine_2 PBS-Cocaine
GSM8349305 PBS-Cocaine_3 PBS-Cocaine
GSM8349306 PBS-Cocaine_4 PBS-Cocaine
GSM8349307 PBS-Cocaine_5 PBS-Cocaine
GSM8349308 PBS-Cocaine_6 PBS-Cocaine
GSM8349309 PBS-Saline_1 PBS-Saline
GSM8349310 PBS-Saline_2 PBS-Saline
GSM8349311 PBS-Saline_4 PBS-Saline
GSM8349312 PBS-Saline_5 PBS-Saline
GSM8349313 PBS-Saline_6 PBS-Saline

Datasets on a similar topic

GSE307181 Sex specific correction of maternal inflammation-induced behavioral abnormalities by the inhibition of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor 96 samples shares colony-stimulating, behavioral, factor
GSE276453 The function of the ZFP189 transcription factor in the nucleus accumbens facilitates cocaine-specific transcriptional and behavioral adaptations 45 samples shares behavioral, cocaine, factor
GSE293180 Analysis of Host and Microbiome Responses to Antibiotics Reveals Microbiota-Independent Effects on Gut Immune Response [multiabx] 97 samples shares microbiome, dependent
GSE277611 A repeatedly evolved mutation in Cryptochrome-1 of subterranean animals alters behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms 85 samples shares behavioral, alters
GSE273638 Type 4 resistant potato starch alters the microbiome, colon and cecal gene expression, and resistance to Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice fed a Total Western Diet 80 samples shares microbiome, alters
GSE297195 Age-dependent Transcriptional and Circuit Alterations in the brain Underlie Post-Anesthesia Neurobehavioral Dysfunction 66 samples shares behavioral, dependent
GSE293029 Analysis of Host and Microbiome Responses to Antibiotics Reveals Microbiota-Independent Effects on Gut Immune Response 64 samples shares microbiome, dependent
GSE229963 The intestinal clock controls host’s metabolic response to diet by driving intestinal metabolic functions and the fiber-dependent microbiome 48 samples shares microbiome, dependent

Search all mouse RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

Share this dataset

Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.