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Microglia innate immune memory is retained after enforced repopulation [RNA-seq]

GSE271535 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 29 samples Submitted 2025/05/01 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 29 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
29 samples: 6 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Microglia endotoxin tolerance is retained after enforced repopulationBrain, behavior, and immunity · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Microglia are crucial for CNS homeostasis and involved in a wide range of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. Systemic inflammation and infections can contribute to neurodegeneration later in life by affecting microglia. Like other innate immune cells, microglia can develop innate immune memory in response to a challenge, altering their response to future stimuli.
Read the full summary ↓
Innate immune memory can ameliorate or worsen CNS pathology, but its persistence is unclear. Recently, several methods have been developed to stimulate microglia turnover. Here, we investigated whether colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1R)-dependent microglia depletion followed by repopulation reversed microglial tolerance to systemic inflammation in mice. Repopulated microglia displayed a reduced expression of homeostatic genes and genes related to mitochondrial respiration and TCA cycle metabolism and an increased expression of immune effector and activation genes. Nonetheless, the blunted inflammatory gene expression induced by the LPS-preconditioning was retained after a depletion-repopulation cycle. Our study highlights the persistence of epigenetic changes underlying microglial tolerance and indicates potential implications of microglia depletion and repopulation therapies on microglia functions.
Published in
Microglia endotoxin tolerance is retained after enforced repopulation
Medeiros-Furquim T, Miedema A, Schilder E et al. · Brain, behavior, and immunity 2025 · PMID 40274001 · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.04.014
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE271535_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1132173 and SRA study SRP518122. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
6 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates each
PBP ×5 PP ×5 PBL ×5 LBL ×5 LL ×5 PL ×4

Supports a between-group comparison across 29 samples.

How we read this: 6 replicated groups read from 29 sample titles; they account for 29 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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