GFI1-driven transcriptional and epigenetic programs maintain memory CD8+ T cell persistence [scMultiome-seq].

CD8+ T cells play a pivotal role in restricting chronic virus infection and provide long-term protective immunity. The molecular mechanisms that govern long-term persistence of antiviral memory CD8+ T cells are poorly understood. Growth factor independent-1 (GFI1), a transcriptional repressor, plays a crucial role in T cell development. We show that following T cell activation, GFI1 expression is selectively maintained in memory CD8+ T cells, and GFI1 marks transcriptionally distinct antiviral CD8+ T cells with superior recall and expansion capacity. Conditional deletion of GFI1 in CD8+ T cells revealed that plays a crucial role in long-term persistence of CD8+ T cells responses following chronic virus infection. Single-cell multiome sequencing demonstrated that GFI1 epigenetically controls the gene regulatory networks that promote memory CD8+ T cell proliferation. GFI1 mediated eomesodermin expression protects the CD8+ T cells from activation induced cell death. Moreover, temporal mapping revealed that continuous GFI1 expression is required to maintain long-term memory CD8+ T cells persistence. Thus, GFI1 is central regulator of the molecular programs that shape memory features and is pivotal in promoting CD8+ T cell self-renewal and long-term protective memory formation.