Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Signatures Distinguish High- and Low-Risk Endotypes for Liver Tumor Development [RNA-Seq liver]

The epigenome is a target for environmental exposures, and a potential determinant of inter-individual differences in response. In genetically identical C57Bl/6 mice exposed from gestation to weaning to the endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) tributyltin (TBT), tumor development later in life varied across multiple cohorts over time and depending on sex and diet. In one cohort where approximately half of TBT-exposed male mice developed tumors at 10 months (Katz, 2020), transcriptomic (RNA-seq) and epigenomic (ChIP-seq) profiling was performed on blood and liver tissue from mice that developed tumors (i.e. “high-risk”) and equivalently exposed mice did not (i.e “low-risk”). Blood transcriptomic signatures separated TBT-exposed from vehicle controls but did not discriminate between animals that developed tumors vs those that did not. However, uninvolved liver tissue of mice with tumors exhibited transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures distinct from liver tissue of mice without tumors and had many features in common with tumors. These high-risk transcriptomic and epigenomic features were also found in 10/26 TBT-exposed mice at 5 months, indicating that this risk signature preceded tumor development. Thus, while early life exposure to TBT exhibits variable penetrance for tumor development, indicating TBT-exposure is not sufficient for tumorigenesis, increased risk for tumor development is linked to epigenomic and transcriptomic reprogramming of the liver induced by this EDC.