DDR1 regulates RUNX1-CBFβ to control breast stem cell differentiation

The human breast is complex and comprised of multi-lineage and multi-structural elements. Recent work has shown that epithelial stem and progenitor cells use the collagen receptor Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 (DDR1) for differentiation into both basal and luminal cell lineages, which together are necessary for complex ductal-lobular morphogenesis. We developed a next-generation single cell derived organoid model that generates miniaturized breast tissue, to study how single stem cells can give rise to multiple cell types and compound tissue structures. We show that DDR1 activation triggers stem cell differentiation via RUNX1, in turn driving multilineage differentiation as well as complex ductal-lobular development. Mechanistically, DDR1 affects the interaction and expression of RUNX1 and its cofactor CBFβ, thereby regulating its activity. Together, these findings contribute to the current understanding of how the extracellular matrix component within the stem cell niche drives organogenesis and tissue regeneration.