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Expansion of cytotoxic CD4 T-cell clusters in lymph nodes of patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency

GSE274117 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 8 samples Submitted 2026/07/22 Platform GPL18573
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 8 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
8 samples: 4 × CVID LN vs 4 × HD TonsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Expansion of a distinct cytotoxic CD4 T(FH)-cell cluster in lymph nodes of patients with complicated common variable immunodeficiencyThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Background: Patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) suffer from hypogammaglobulinemia due to an inadequate differentiation of long-lived humoral immunity in germinal centers (GC). Objective: To further characterize the transcriptome and phenotype of T follicular helper (TFH) cells as key players in the GC reaction of CVID patients.
Read the full summary ↓
Methods: Sorted TFH cells from CVID lymph nodes and healthy control tonsils were analyzed by bulk-RNA-sequencing. Altered protein expression was verified by flow cytometry and CyTOF analysis. Tissue localization of cells was determined by multi-fluorescence imaging. Results: Transcriptome analysis of sorted TFH cells revealed an enrichment of cytotoxicity-associated gene sets in CVID patients. Extended immune phenotyping identified different cytotoxic CD4 memory populations expressing T-bet, EOMES, CRTAM, Perforin, and Granzyme A and B. Two clusters co- expressing markers of TFH differentiation such as CXCR5, ICOS, and PD1 were expanded in CVID lymph nodes. One of them additionally expressed high levels of FoxP3. Histological sections confirmed the increase in Granzyme-B+EOMES+ CD4 cells in GCs of patients’ lymph nodes. Only few of these cells circulate in peripheral blood. Discussion: Our study reports for the first time that the previously reported type 1 polarization in lymph nodes of CVID patients is associated with an expansion of two distinct cytotoxic CD4 TFH cell clusters within GCs which were very rare in peripheral blood. Further investigations directly in secondary tissues are required to explore their role in the GC failure in CVID.
Published in
Expansion of a distinct cytotoxic CD4 T(FH)-cell cluster in lymph nodes of patients with complicated common variable immunodeficiency
Friedmann D, Payne KJ, Cousin V et al. · The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2026 · PMID 41314478 · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2025.09.032
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE274117_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1144977 and SRA study SRP524593. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
4 × CVID LN vs 4 × HD Tons

Supports a between-group comparison across 8 samples.

How we read this: 2 replicated groups read from 8 sample titles; they account for 8 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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