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Oxidation of thymine by TET2 dioxygenase carrying leukemia-derived neomorphic mutations

GSE278366 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 12 samples Submitted 2025/02/12 Platform GPL28330
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 12 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
12 samples: 3 × A vs 3 × B vs 3 × CGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Neomorphic leukemia-derived mutations in the TET2 enzyme induce genome instability via a substrate shift from 5-methylcytosine to thymineProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
TET enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosine (mC) in DNA, contributing to the regulation of gene transcription and genome functions. Deficiency of TET2 promotes the development of clonal hematopoiesis and various blood cancers, yet the mechanism by which TET2 mutations facilitate tumorigenesis remains to be explored. Here, we report that a subset of TET2 mutations identified in leukemia patients alter the substrate specificity of TET2 from acting on mC to thymine.
Read the full summary ↓
This neomorphic activity results from substitutions at key residues involved in the interactions with the mC base, including Asn1387 and His1904. Recombinant human TET2 proteins harboring the mutation of these residues can catalyze the oxidation of thymine to 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmU) and 5-formyluracil (fU). Exogenous expression of the TET2 Asn1387Thr (N1387T) mutant in transfected cells leads to hmU accumulation, with the highest level in cells lacking SMUG1-initiated base excision repair pathway. Endogenous knock-in of N1300T, the murine equivalent of N1387T, in mouse embryonic stem cells induces hmU production, causing DNA lesions and transcriptional activation of DNA damage response genes. These findings suggest that certain patient-derived TET2 mutations acquire unexpected gain-of-functions beyond an impairment in mC oxidation, and thymine oxidation by the neomorphic mutants may impose risks to genome stability, presumably contributing to malignant transformation.
Published in
Neomorphic leukemia-derived mutations in the TET2 enzyme induce genome instability via a substrate shift from 5-methylcytosine to thymine
Jin GB, Rong SQ, Yin DR et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2025 · PMID 39874291 · doi:10.1073/pnas.2418318122
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE278366_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1166881 and SRA study SRP535578. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
3 × A vs 3 × B vs 3 × C

Supports a between-group comparison across 9 samples.

How we read this: 3 replicated groups read from 12 sample titles; they account for 9 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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