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RNA Polymerase II pausing enhances estrogen receptor-alpha binding on promoters in RNA-dependent manner

GSE278896 Homo sapiens (human) ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin) 22 samples Submitted 2025/08/07 Platform GPL24676Platform GPL16791
At a glance

ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin) · human · 22 samples

What it is
ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin)Where proteins bind the genome, or which regions are open and active.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
22 samples: 22 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Paused RNA polymerase primes promoters via RNA-mediated stabilisation of transcription factor ERαNature communications · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Regulated pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is essential for enabling rapid and coordinated transcriptional responses to signalling cues. Pausing also contributes to the formation of nucleosome-free regions with the help of chromatin remodellers. However, if these nucleosome free regions engage with transcription factors to stimulate the transcription potential of paused promoters is not known.
Read the full summary ↓
In this study, we demonstrate that ligand-induced estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) binding is stabilized at Pol II-paused sites. This stabilization results from an increased dwell time of ERα on chromatin as revealed by single-particle tracking experiments. Notably, short chromatin-associated RNAs, generated by the stalled Pol II, contribute to enhancing ERα binding at paused promoters. We also observe that pausing increases histone H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) levels, which primes paused promoters for robust transcriptional activation upon release. Collectively, these findings suggest that paused Pol II plays a central role in enhancing transcription factor binding through an RNA-dependent mechanism. This, in turn, results in a more vigorous transcriptional response following pausing release, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of ERα-mediated gene regulation.
Published in
Paused RNA polymerase primes promoters via RNA-mediated stabilisation of transcription factor ERα
Mann R, Soota D, Das A et al. · Nature communications 2025 · PMID 41162393 · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64569-7
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE278896_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Look for peak files (.bed, .narrowPeak) and signal tracks (.bigWig) among the supplementary files; the raw reads are on ENA.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1169375 and SRA study SRP536820. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
22 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Supports a case/control comparison: 2 samples read as cases, 11 as controls.

How we read this: Read from 22 sample titles: 22 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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