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CITCO is a non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogen in humanised constitutive androstane receptor mice but not in wild-type animals

GSE279414 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 12 samples Submitted 2025/02/17 Platform GPL21103
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 12 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
12 samples: 3 × CITTO_WT vs 3 × CITCO_hCA vs 3 × CITCO_CarKO vs 3 × CornOil_WTGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
The potent human CAR activator CITCO is a non-genotoxic hepatic tumour-promoting agent in humanised constitutive androstane receptor mice but not in wild-type animalsArchives of toxicology · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
A large number of drugs and compounds produced by the chemical and agrochemical industry score as non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGC) in rodent models. It is unclear whether these compounds are also carcinogens for humans. The most extensively investigated compounds have been the anti-convulsive drugs, phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin. Liver tumours induced by PB are dependent upon the activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR).
Read the full summary ↓
However, marked species differences in CAR activation by exogenous chemicals exist with some being much more potent activators of human CAR e.g. 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime (CITCO). We have compared CITCO-induced tumour formation in the livers of mice in which human CAR has been replaced its murine counterpart. Our findings reveal that CITCO-dependent liver tumours are only formed in mice expressing human CAR and not in wild-type animals. In addition, contrary to one of the proposed mechanisms of NGC carcinogenicity, we show that CITCO did not induce a hyperplastic response in the liver of the humanised mice. These data raise some key questions about the mechanism of action of NGCs and identifies limitations of current rodent carcinogenicity test systems in relation to risk assessment
Published in
The potent human CAR activator CITCO is a non-genotoxic hepatic tumour-promoting agent in humanised constitutive androstane receptor mice but not in wild-type animals
Henderson CJ, McLaren AW, MacLeod AK et al. · Archives of toxicology 2025 · PMID 40044833 · doi:10.1007/s00204-025-03982-9
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE279414_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1172669 and SRA study SRP538431. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
3 × CITTO_WT vs 3 × CITCO_hCA vs 3 × CITCO_CarKO vs 3 × CornOil_WT

Supports a between-group comparison across 12 samples.

How we read this: 4 replicated groups read from 12 sample titles; they account for 12 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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