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Transcriptomic profiling of prolonged-culture iPSC-derived kidney organoids and X-linked Alport syndrome organoid models carrying COL4A5 deep-intronic variants

GSE281080 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 24 samples Submitted 2025/07/29 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 24 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
24 samples: 8 conditions, mostly in triplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Kidney organoids serve as an invaluable platform for modeling hereditary renal diseases and developing therapeutic interventions. While various kidney organoid differentiation protocols have been developed, the protocol introduced by Morizane et al. was among the first to generate kidney organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Read the full summary ↓
By using a modified version of this protocol, we successfully generated kidney organoids in 21 days. Most studies on kidney organoids focus on early stages, typically between days 21 and 29, leaving the gene expression dynamics during prolonged culture less explored. In this study, we cultured healthy iPSC-derived kidney organoids for 22, 32, and 42 days and performed bulk RNA sequencing to investigate gene expression regulation during organoid culture. We also developed X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) organoid models carrying deep-intronic variants (severe and moderate models) to develop Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutic approaches. Kidney organoids contain over 15 distinct cell types, making them a complex model for studying cell-type-specific maturation. By comparing organoids at early (day 22), mid (day 32), and late (day 42) time points, we observed significant changes in gene expression, particularly in genes related to the extracellular matrix, alongside the downregulation of podocyte-specific genes. Notably, we confirmed the upregulation of podocyte-specific collagen IV genes (COL4A3 and COL4A4), which are critical for forming the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Overall, these findings underscore the importance of maintaining organoids in culture for at least 15 days beyond the last day of differentiation (day 21) to ensure the development of a more mature GBM, essential for BM disease modeling such as Alport syndrome.
This dataset
Open GSE281080 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE281080_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1182234 and SRA study SRP543232. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗
Study design
8 conditions, mostly in triplicate
Healthy Organoids, iPSC-derived, Day 22, ×3 Healthy Organoids, iPSC-derived, Day 32, ×3 Healthy Organoids, iPSC-derived, Day 42, ×3 Isogenic control, iPSC-derived, Day 38, ×3 XLAS moderate model, iPSC-derived, Day 38, ×3 XLAS severe model, ASO treated, iPSC-derived,… ×3 XLAS moderate model, ASO treated, iPSC-derive… ×3 XLAS severe model, iPSC-derived, Day 38, ×2 +1 more

Supports a case/control comparison: 6 samples read as cases, 12 as controls.

How we read this: 8 replicated groups read from 24 sample titles; they account for 23 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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