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A distinct vagus-beta cell neural circuit senses glucose and modulates insulin secretion

GSE281091 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 24 samples Submitted 2026/05/08 Platform GPL34328
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 24 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
24 samples: 24 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
A distinct vagus-beta cell neural circuit senses glucose and modulates insulin secretionMolecular metabolism · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Vagal sensory neurons (VSN) communicate information regarding the peripheral glycemic state to the brain. However, the vagal circuits that sense and respond to continuous fluctuations in peripheral glucose levels to modify hormone release and fine-tune feeding behavior are unclear. Here, we show that VSN regulate glucose homeostasis via sensing glucose and communicating with insulin producing β-cells.
Read the full summary ↓
Neuronal tracing combined with in-situ hybridization and immunofluorescence revealed that VSN expressing cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (VSN-CART) are anatomically connected with β-cells. Chemogenetic stimulation of VSN-CART increased levels of acetylcholine and insulin along with reductions in glucose levels. In contrast, silencing of VSN-CART suppressed glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and led to glucose intolerance. VSN-CART responded differentially to feeding status via changes to the vagal transcriptome and brainstem neuronal activity. Activation of VSN-CART suppressed whereas silencing increased food consumption. Neuronal activity measurements and two-photon Ca2+ imaging revealed that VSN-CART serve a dose-dependent glucose excitatory function. We propose that the VSN-CART – β-cell neural circuit dynamically senses glucose levels to modulate insulin secretion, feeding behavior and glucose homeostasis.
Published in
A distinct vagus-beta cell neural circuit senses glucose and modulates insulin secretion
Kumar S, Bahn YJ, Gao C et al. · Molecular metabolism 2026 · PMID 42025694 · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2026.102371
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE281091_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1182264 and SRA study SRP543284. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
24 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 24 sample titles: 24 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.