GEO series

Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection while suppressing anti-viral immunity

GSE281938 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 20 samples Submitted 2026/04/17 Platform GPL34284

At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 20 samples

What it is: RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Samples: 20 samples
Data you can get: A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper: Gingipain proteases from the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis confer protection against airway viral infectionProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026

Summary (written by the submitters)

Colonizing microbiota can differentially impact the outcomes of viral infections. While synergistic interactions between invading viruses and specific bacterial colonizers can enhance viral infectivity, resulting in severe disease, other bacteria can play a more antagonistic role by destabilizing viral particles, thus protecting against infection.

Read the full summary ↓

Here, we explored whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a periodontal bacterial pathogen that can translocate to the airways, increases susceptibility to infection with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Sendai virus (SeV). Using a model of primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) air-liquid interface cultures, we found that Pg co-infection significantly reduced RSV infection by rapidly inactivating RSV particles. This protection was conferred by the proteolysis of RSV fusion and attachment proteins by Pg proteases (gingipains), thus limiting viral entry. Despite this initial bottleneck, RSV replication within Pg co-infected cells was higher, indicating Pg created an intracellular environment favorable for viral replication. RNA-seq studies revealed that Pg infection led to the broad suppression of interferons (IFNs), particularly IFN-λ, and downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Thus, our data show that P. gingivalis initially restricts RSV infection by inactivating the virus but later facilitates viral replication by suppressing IFNs. Our findings are clinically relevant as RSV infections are significant health concerns in both pediatric populations and older adults, who have a higher prevalence of periodontitis.

Published in

Gingipain proteases from the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis confer protection against airway viral infection

Rodriguez Hernandez CJ, Cruz-Cruz A, Shrestha CL et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2026 · PMID 42060722 · doi:10.1073/pnas.2503100123

This dataset

Open GSE281938 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →

Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE281938_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1186206 and SRA study SRP545298. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42060722) ↗

Samples in this study

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+ 20 more — browse all 20 samples with per-sample file links →

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