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Heterologous immunization combining vector- and mRNA-based vaccine elicits both robust innate and adaptive immune responses

GSE282488 Mus musculus (mouse) Single-cell RNA-seq 3 samples Submitted 2025/01/23 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · mouse · 3 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
3 samples
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination drives stromal activation and adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variantsFrontiers in immunology · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Heterologous vaccination regimens are increasingly recommended for their potential benefits, including reduced side effects and enhanced immunogenicity. In this study, we investigated the innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by heterologous prime-boost vaccination using adenoviral vector and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in a mouse model.
Read the full summary ↓
Our findings show that heterologous vaccination induced superior serum neutralizing and binding antibody titers, as well as enhanced cellular immune responses against the Delta and Omicron (BA.5) variants, compared to homologous vaccination. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis at the injection site, conducted 16 hours post-vaccination, revealed that the lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based mRNA vaccine—and even empty LNP injection—triggered significant immune cell infiltration, while adenoviral vector vaccination caused minimal changes in injection-site cell composition following the first dose. Notably, spike mRNA was predominantly expressed in fibroblasts and macrophages across both vaccine platforms, suggesting these cells’ role in local immune responses. Further analysis demonstrated that the adenoviral vector booster induced amplified immune responses, marked by increased transcriptional changes, particularly in stromal pro-inflammatory pathways. Heterologous vaccination (adenoviral prime, mRNA boost) further intensified these responses compared to homologous mRNA vaccination, indicating that adenoviral priming enhances inflammatory responses when followed by an mRNA boost. In summary, our results demonstrate that heterologous vaccination strategies elicit stronger innate and adaptive immune responses compared to homologous regimens, supporting their use as an effective approach for enhanced protection against variants.
Published in
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination drives stromal activation and adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Jeon JH, Kim S, Kim SY et al. · Frontiers in immunology 2025 · PMID 40503231 · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1597417
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE282488_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1189001 and SRA study SRP546671. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Samples in this study

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