Transcriptional analysis of blood-borne immune cells induced by VSV-based vaccines: A comparison before and after immunization

Viral vectors are renowned for their inherent adjuvant effects. We here developed cancer vaccines based on the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) vector using two different construction strategies.The first vaccine involved the traditional method of inserting tumor antigen genes into the VSV genome (SP vaccine). The second strategy, built upon the first, additionally displayed tumor antigens on the surface of the VSV, creating particulate antigen vaccine (CAD vaccine). To compare the early immune responses induced by these two vaccine strategies, we collected blood samples for RNA sequencing analysis at 24 hours post-immunization with both vaccines and a viral vector control group. The results indicated comparable early biological processes, including antiviral and innate immune responses, among the three groups. This confirms that the vector predominantly drives the early innate immune response.