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Aging compromises terminal differentiation program of cytotoxic effector lineage and promotes exhaustion in CD8+ T cells responding to coronavirus infection [RNA-seq]

GSE284244 Mus musculus (mouse) Single-cell RNA-seq 16 samples Submitted 2025/08/20 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · mouse · 16 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
16 samples
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Aging Compromises Terminal Differentiation Program of Cytotoxic Effector Lineage and Promotes Exhaustion in CD8(+) T Cells Responding to Coronavirus InfectionAging cell · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
T cell aging increases the risk of viral infection-related morbidity and mortality and reduces vaccine efficacy in the elderly. A major hallmark of T cell aging is the loss of quiescence and shift towards terminal differentiation during homeostasis. However, how aging alters the differentiation program of virus-specific T cells during infection is unclear.
Read the full summary ↓
Here, in a murine coronavirus (MHV) infection model with age-associated increased mortality, we demonstrate that aging impairs, instead of promoting, the terminal differentiation program of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Upon infection, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in old mice showed marked reduction in clonal expansion and upregulation of immune checkpoints associated with T cell exhaustion. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomics showed that aging upregulated T cell exhaustion transcriptional program associated with TOX in virus-specific CD8+ T cells and shift the myeloid compartment from immunostimulatory to immunosuppressive phenotype. In addition, aging downregulated the transcriptional program of terminally differentiated effector CD8+ T cells and diminished CX3CR1+ cytotoxic effector lineage. Mechanistically, virus-specific CD8+ T cells from infected aged mice displayed defects in inducing transcription factors ZEB2 and KLF2, which were required for terminal differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells. Together, our study shows that aging impairs terminal differentiation and promotes exhaustion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells responding to coronavirus infection through dysregulating expression of lineage-defining transcription factors.
Published in
Aging Compromises Terminal Differentiation Program of Cytotoxic Effector Lineage and Promotes Exhaustion in CD8(+) T Cells Responding to Coronavirus Infection
Zhu Z, Lou G, Luo Y et al. · Aging cell 2025 · PMID 40396260 · doi:10.1111/acel.70109
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE284244_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1198063 and SRA study SRP551351. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Samples in this study

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