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Themis differentially regulates T follicular helper cell differentiation during early and late stages of chronic viral Infection

GSE284735 Mus musculus Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 4 samples Submitted 2025/07/14 Platform GPL28457
Summary
TFH cells play an important role in chronic viral infection by helping B cells produce antibodies. Recent studies have identified a novel CD4+ T cell progenitor population in chronic LCMV infection that sustains the differentiation of TFH and other effector CD4+ T cells. However, the details of this differentiation process remain unclear. Here, we report an unprecedented dual role for Themis in regulating the differentiation of CD4+ T cell progenitors into TFH cells during chronic LCMV infection. Themis expression is strongly upregulated in TFH cells at early stages of infection, and as expected, Themis promotes TFH cell differentiation at this stage. However, unexpectedly, at the late stages of chronic LCMV infection, Themis-deficient CD4+ T cells favored TFH cell differentiation and helped control the virus by enhancing GC responses and antibody production, suggesting that Themis inhibits TFH cell differentiation at this stage. In the late stage we found that Themis inhibits the differentiation of CD4+ T cell progenitors into TFH cells through transcriptional regulation.
Published in
Themis differentially regulates T follicular helper cell differentiation during early and late stages of chronic viral infection
Zhu Y, Bao Y, Wang N et al. · Frontiers in immunology 2025 · PMID 40777021 · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1638178
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1200199 and SRA study SRP552506. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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