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Integrative CSF profiling identifies disease-specific immune responses in leptomeningeal disease

GSE286518 Homo sapiens (human) Single-cell RNA-seq 42 samples Submitted 2026/01/20 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · human · 42 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
42 samples: 42 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Integrative CSF profiling identifies disease-specific immune responses in leptomeningeal diseaseCell reports. Medicine · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Assessing anti-tumor immune responses and immune microenvironment alterations in central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms like brain tumors and leptomeningeal disease (LMD) provides prognostic insights and predictive biomarkers. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) liquid biopsy (LB) is a promising minimally-invasive approach, but its ability to reflect these processes remains unclear.
Read the full summary ↓
We used single-cell RNA and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of CSF cells and spatial transcriptomics of CNS lesions in LMD patients with CNS lymphoma (CNSL), glioblastoma (GB), and brain metastases (BrM), compared to neuroinflammatory CNS disorders to unveil the immune complexity during the disease course. We identified disease-specific CSF environments reflecting parenchymal tumor microenvironment features. CNSL showed robust T cell responses, while BrM and GB were dominated by myeloid cells. Unique mechanisms of disease progression and resistance linked to CSF cell dynamics highlight the potential of scRNAseq-based CSF LB for uncovering disease biology, predicting biomarkers, and developing personalized therapies for CNS neoplasms.
Published in
Integrative CSF profiling identifies disease-specific immune responses in leptomeningeal disease
Nieto P, Klinsing S, Caratù G et al. · Cell reports. Medicine 2026 · PMID 41794040 · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102651
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE286518_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1209859 and SRA study SRP556948. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
42 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 42 sample titles: 42 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 2 more — browse all 42 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all human RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.