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In vivo CRISPR screens in Head and Neck Cancer reveal that Uchl5 modulates extracellular matrix deposition to promote immune evasion.

GSE287094 Mus musculus Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 6 samples Submitted 2025/08/14 Platform GPL24247
Summary
Recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with a high unmet need for enhancing immunotherapy given current modest responses. Here, we performed an in vivo CRISPR screen in a HNSCC mouse model to identify immune evasion genes. We identified several epigenetic regulators of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response, including the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 5 (UCHL5). Loss of Uchl5 in tumors increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and improved ICB responses. Uchl5 deficiency reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) production and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) transcriptional signatures, which contribute to stromal desmoplasia, a histologic finding associated with reduced anti-PD1 response in human HNSCCs. We identified a functional role for COL17A1, a collagen highly and specifically expressed in HNSCC, in Uchl5-mediated immune evasion. Our findings suggest an unappreciated role for UCHL5 in promoting EMT in HNSCC and highlight ECM modulation as a strategy to improve immunotherapy responses.
Published in
In vivo CRISPR screening in head and neck cancer reveals Uchl5 as an immunotherapy target
Fu C, Saddawi-Konefka R, Chinai JM et al. · Nature communications 2025 · PMID 41022734 · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63592-y
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1211115 and SRA study SRP557718. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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