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Clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B is associated with priming and perpetuation of hepatic CD4+ T cell responses

GSE291286 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 98 samples Submitted 2026/04/29 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 98 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
98 samples: 98 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B is associated with priming and perpetuation of hepatic CD4(+) T cell responsesScience translational medicine · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global pathogen that often leads to immune-mediated progressive liver injury and liver cancer. While seroclearance of the surface antigen (HBsAg) defines clinical cure and reduces disease-associated risks, HBsAg clearance is rarely observed and remains therapeutically elusive.
Read the full summary ↓
Here we overcome some of the challenges to studying immune mechanisms of HBsAg clearance in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) using our mouse model of age-dependent HBsAg clearance and persistence, and samples from our BeNEG-DO trial that provided longitudinal PBMCs from patients who either cleared HBsAg or retained stable HBsAg levels after stopping nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. We show that young mice fail to clear HBsAg and have an impaired ability to efficiently initiate and sustain an HBV-specific CD4+ T cell response. We also demonstrate a role for CD4+ T cells in hepatic leukocyte organization, HBV-specific CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, and ultimately HBsAg clearance. Upstream of the CD4+ T cell response, we reveal that hepatic dendritic cells, particularly cDC2s, direct effective CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation. Studies in CHB patients identified immune features of HBsAg clearance that overlap with the mouse model, including Th1 and cytotoxic CD4+ T cell activation and CD8+ T cell cytotoxic effector function. These findings identify an important role for potent CD4+ T cell activation in the clinical cure of CHB, and illuminate potential immunotherapeutic targets for enhancing CD4+ T cell responses to achieve greater HBsAg clearance rates.
Published in
Clinical cure of chronic hepatitis B is associated with priming and perpetuation of hepatic CD4(+) T cell responses
Jespersen JM, Avanesyan L, Publicover J et al. · Science translational medicine 2026 · PMID 42054492 · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adx1523
This dataset
Open GSE291286 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE291286_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1232720. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42054492) ↗
Study design
98 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 98 sample titles: 98 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 58 more — browse all 98 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.