Impact of iPSC EVs on Immune Cells from Mouse Lymph Nodes

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by adult stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have garnered significant attention for their regenerative potential across various pathological conditions. However, despite this promise, the clinical translation of MSC EVs remains limited due to challenges such as donor variability and the finite proliferative capacity of MSCs, which pose significant obstacles to their therapeutic application. In contrast, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), exhibit unlimited expansion potential when cultured under optimized conditions. This exceptional proliferative capacity enables the large-scale production of both PSCs and their EVs, making them highly attractive for therapeutic development. Additionally, embryos can achieve immune tolerance, yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We hypothesized that PSC EVs are enriched with a unique set of immunoregulatory molecules capable of modulating immune cells and promoting tolerance. To further explore the effects of iPSC EVs on immune cells within the lymph nodes, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) using the 10x Genomics platform.