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Transcriptomic alterations across various cell types in the PFC

GSE291951 Mus musculus (mouse) Single-nucleus RNA-seq 12 samples Submitted 2025/08/20 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

Single-nucleus RNA-seq · mouse · 12 samples

What it is
Single-nucleus RNA-seqGene activity measured in individual nuclei (used when whole cells are hard to isolate, for example from frozen tissue). Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
12 samples: 6 × Dep vs 6 × CtrlGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals Sox6 positive interneurons enriched in the prefrontal cortex of female mice vulnerable to chronic social stressMolecular psychiatry · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental illness that significantly impacts global health, with women showing twice the prevalence of men. This study employed the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model in female mice to investigate cellular and molecular changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) associated with depressive-like behaviors.
Read the full summary ↓
Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-Seq), we examined transcriptomic alterations across various cell types in the PFC. Our results revealed that interneurons exhibited the most significant transcriptomic changes among all analyzed cell types. Notably, we identified a specific subtype of interneurons, the Sox6+ interneurons (Sox6+Int), which showed a markedly increased proportion in the CSDS group. This increase was associated with enhanced inflammatory and immune responses, as well as alterations in synaptic function and mitochondrial pathways. Furthermore, we observed significant changes in cell-cell communication patterns, particularly between Sox6+Int and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified several gene modules in Sox6+Int associated with specific depressive-like behaviors, implicating pathways related to inflammation, autophagy, and synaptic function. These findings provide novel insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying MDD in females, highlighting the potential role of Sox6+Int in stress-induced depression. Our study not only extends our understanding of the neurobiological basis of depression but also identifies potential therapeutic targets for sex-specific interventions in MDD treatment.
Published in
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals Sox6 positive interneurons enriched in the prefrontal cortex of female mice vulnerable to chronic social stress
Ma G, Wu J, Wu Y et al. · Molecular psychiatry 2025 · PMID 40581656 · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03088-9
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE291951_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1236238 and SRA study SRP570440. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
6 × Dep vs 6 × Ctrl

Supports a between-group comparison across 12 samples.

How we read this: 2 replicated groups read from 12 sample titles; they account for 12 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.