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MAVS Orchestrates a Potent IFN-independent Antiviral Immunity by 2 Preserving Mitochondrial Integrity

GSE293066 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 54 samples Submitted 2025/04/30 Platform GPL30209Platform GPL30215
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 54 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
54 samples: 18 conditions, mostly in triplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Viruses target mitochondria, critical for antiviral defense and metabolism, to evade immunity. While mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) is known for its regulation of type I interferon (IFN) signaling, we discover that its overarching primary role is safeguarding mitochondrial integrity against virus- and toxin-induced mitophagy.
Read the full summary ↓
This function is critical in enacting a potent, IFN/NF-κB-independent antiviral response. Using SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) infection model, where disruption of MAVS aggregation and induction of mitophagy were observed, we demonstrate that functional MAVS prevents CoV-2-induced mitophagy and restricts viral replication without engaging type I or III interferon (IFN), and NF-κB pathways. Employing MAVS-knockout and MAVS:IFNAR1 double-knockout cells, and inhibition studies, our results further establish MAVS as a critical protector against virus- and chemical mitotoxin-induced mitophagy. Loss of MAVS results in increased mitochondrial membrane depolarization, reduced oxidative potential, and increased PINK1-dependent mitophagy leading to elevated viral replication-all reversed by MAVS supplementation. The IFN-independent antiviral immunity generated by MAVS-driven mitochondrial safeguarding conferred robust protection against mitophagy-inducing viruses, such as CoV-2 and JEV, but not DENV, which does not trigger mitophagy. By facilitating the mitochondrial integrity, MAVS governs the overall innate antiviral immunity- integrating IFN-dependent and IFN-independent mechanisms- and energy metabolism in the host cells. Thus, the regulation of these central functions makes MAVS a prime target for subverting host defenses and cellular energy homeostasis. These insights underscoring MAVS’s wider role in sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis positions it as a promising target for antiviral strategies.
This dataset
Open GSE293066 in finder → Find more RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE293066_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1242734 and SRA study SRP573544. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗
Study design
18 conditions, mostly in triplicate
Mock_Huh7_B ×3 Mock_MAVS_B ×3 Mock_IFN_B ×3 CoV-2_Huh7_B ×3 CoV-2_MAVS_B ×3 CoV-2_IFN_B ×3 MEF_KO_Mock_12_h_B ×3 MEF_KO_Infected_12_h_B ×3 +10 more

Supports a case/control comparison: 9 samples read as cases, 27 as controls.

How we read this: 18 replicated groups read from 54 sample titles; they account for 54 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 14 more — browse all 54 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

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