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Antibody responses against bacterial glycans affinity mature and diversify in germinal centers.

GSE293078 Homo sapiens Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 4 samples Submitted 2026/03/11 Platform GPL24676
Summary
Anti-carbohydrate antibodies (Abs) play crucial roles in pathogen control, but their generation remains poorly understood. By studying responses to Streptococcus pyogenes in humans, we reveal that the glycan-targeted response shifts from IgM towards IgG and IgA memory with age and antigen exposure across blood, spleen, and tonsils. Both natural colonization and controlled human infection with S. pyogenes increased class-switched B cells, with evidence of within-clone switching. Glycan-specific B cells readily participated in germinal center (GC) responses and showed robust somatic hypermutation despite a molecular signature consistent with receiving reduced T cell help. We conclude that mucosal pathogen encounters elicit glycan responses that class-switch, evolve and diversify through the GC. These findings reveal how age and infection history can influence the quality, quantity, and isotype use of glycan-specific B cells, with implications for the design and schedule of glycan-containing vaccines.
Published in
Antibody responses against bacterial glycans affinity mature and diversify in germinal centers
Fryer HA, Pitt C, Frost HR et al. · bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2025 · PMID 40236127 · doi:10.1101/2025.03.26.645614
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1242763 and SRA study SRP573764. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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