Human Dental Pulp Stem Cell derived exosomes as effective biomaterials for anti-inflammation and regeneration in pulpitis

The study investigates the effects of exosomes derived from human dental pulp stem cells (hDPC-Exos) on pulpitis, an inflammatory dental condition. The research demonstrates that hDPC-Exos exhibit significant anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, making them effective biomaterials for treating pulpitis. Exosomes were shown to downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thus suppressing inflammation. Additionally, hDPC-Exos promoted angiogenesis and odontogenesis, facilitating recovery and regeneration of pulp tissue. These effects were observed through various analyses, including RNA sequencing and histological evaluations in an in vitro pulpitis model and a rat model of pulpitis. The findings suggest that hDPC-Exos hold potential as a cell-free therapeutic approach for oral inflammation and tissue regeneration.