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The symbiotic system of ATP translocase-expressing bacteria (ATEB) and macrophages.

GSE297978 Mus musculus Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 6 samples Submitted 2026/01/01 Platform GPL9185
Summary
The endosymbiosis theory indicates that mitochondria evolved from free-living prokaryotes, which entered host cells and remained as endosymbionts. Here we have designed an Escherichia coli - macrophage symbiosis system. By engineering and modifying Escherichia coli to enter cells through membrane fusion, it can bypass lysosomes to avoid being degraded by cells and exist stably in macrophages. Moreover, it has been genetically engineered to express ATP. This symbiotic bacterium can serve as a mitochondrial substitute to provide the energy necessary for the metabolism of life activities of host macrophages. By up-regulating the genes related to tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation and down-regulating the genes related to glycolysis, it significantly enhances the metabolic activity of host macrophages. This symbiotic system can still exist within 60 hours and can still maintain certain functionality in the microenvironment of tumor nutritional deficiency.
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Direct links to NCBI, no account and no request form: the whole study as GSE297978_RAW.tar, processed values as the series matrix, the supplementary file directory, and per-sample supplementary files for any of the 6 samples. Raw sequencing reads are also available from ENA.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1267062 and SRA study SRP587400. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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