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Broad Profiling of Hepatic and Immunotoxic Effects of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) Across Sexes and Exposure Durations in C57/BL6 Mice

GSE303480 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 116 samples Submitted 2026/01/05 Platform GPL19057
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 116 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
116 samples: 116 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
PFOS and PFOA exposure induces liver injury and sex-dependent immune effects in C57BL/6 miceiScience · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Per and Poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of chemicals commonly referred to as “forever chemicals”. Of this class, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are frequently found in the environment and blood of Canadians. Here, we sought to broadly characterize the effect of PFOS and PFOA on liver toxicity and immunotoxicity in both male and female mice.
Read the full summary ↓
Experimental mice were exposed to PFOA or PFOS for 28 or 56 days, followed by a comprehensive evaluation that included 6 organ weights, 8 serum biomarkers of liver toxicity, and transcriptomic analysis across 15 treatment conditions. This revealed that both compounds caused hepatomegaly, increased serum liver enzymes, pancreatic atrophy, and reduced serum triglycerides (TGL) regardless of sex or duration of treatment. Transcriptomics identified enrichment of PPAR signaling, lipid metabolism dysfunction, and AGE-RAGE pathways across groups which supports a role for metabolic and oxidative stress in PFAS-induced hepatotoxicity. To characterize immunotoxicity 19 cytokine profiles, and 3 tissue types including the thymus, spleen, and blood were assessed for changes in population dynamics. Immune effects were distinctly sex specific. In males, PFOS led to broad cytokine suppression (IL-4, IL-17α, TNF-α, MCP-1) and a non-significant increase in peripheral T cells following PFOA exposure. In contrast, females exhibited minimal cytokine changes but showed significant alterations in thymocyte development. Together, these findings reveal three key outcomes: (1) both PFASs cause liver and pancreatic toxicity, (2) hepatic effects are largely sex-independent, and (3) immune perturbations are highly sex-dependent. These results underscore the importance of evaluating sex-specific effects in immunotoxicology studies of persistent environmental contaminants.
Published in
PFOS and PFOA exposure induces liver injury and sex-dependent immune effects in C57BL/6 mice
Blais A, Loan A, Cho E et al. · iScience 2026 · PMID 41641100 · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.114693
This dataset
Open GSE303480 in finder → Find more mouse RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE303480_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1295498 and SRA study SRP603070. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 41641100) ↗
Study design
116 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 116 sample titles: 116 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 76 more — browse all 116 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all mouse RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.