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Brief exposure to oral antibiotics has age-dependent effects on morphine reward and gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent and adult mice_2

GSE304070 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 40 samples Submitted 2026/01/19 Platform GPL17021
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 40 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
40 samples: 8 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Brief exposure to oral antibiotics has age-dependent effects on morphine reward and gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent and adult miceBrain, behavior, and immunity · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Adolescence is a critical period for the initiation of problematic drug use, which significantly increases the risk of developing substance use disorders later in life. This heightened vulnerability is partly attributed to the immaturity of the prefrontal cortex, a brain region both essential for decision-making and implicated in drug reward.
Read the full summary ↓
During adolescence, peripheral systems, such as the gut microbiome, also undergo substantial changes. Emerging evidence suggests that disruptions to the gut microbiome can influence gene expression and drug reward behaviors in rodent models. In this study, we investigated the effects of oral antibiotics on morphine reward and prefrontal cortical gene expression in adolescent and adult mice. Using oral antibiotics to transiently disrupt the microbiome, we found that short-term antibiotic exposure reduced morphine place preference specifically in adolescent mice. In a separate cohort, we observed that antibiotic treatment altered the transcriptomic response to morphine in the medial prefrontal cortex across all age groups. Notably, the transcriptomic changes induced by antibiotics and morphine were age-specific, with distinct gene expression patterns observed in adolescents compared to adults. These findings establish a foundation for future research into the role of the gut microbiome in opioid reward and highlight potential gene pathways underlying age-dependent differences in opioid sensitivity.
Published in
Brief exposure to oral antibiotics has age-dependent effects on morphine reward and gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex of adolescent and adult mice
Hofford RS, Sens JP, Shipman AL et al. · Brain, behavior, and immunity 2025 · PMID 40645237 · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.07.005
This dataset
Open GSE304070 in finder → Find more mouse RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE304070_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1298867 and SRA study SRP604781. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 40645237) ↗
Study design
8 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates each
Female adolescent, H2O Saline ×5 Female adolescent, Abx Saline ×5 Female adolescent, H2O Morphine ×5 Female adolescent, Abx Morphine ×5 Female adult, H2O Saline ×5 Female adult, Abx Saline ×5 Female adult, H2O Morphine ×5 Female adult, Abx Morphine ×5

Supports a between-group comparison across 40 samples.

How we read this: 8 replicated groups read from 40 sample titles; they account for 40 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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