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Spaceflight multi-omics reveals vulnerabilities of human germ cell development

GSE306610 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 32 samples Submitted 2026/06/02 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 32 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
32 samples: 32 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Exposure to microgravity, cosmic radiation, and other spaceflight conditions induces significant physiological adaptations in biological systems. While prior studies have characterized effects on stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, the biological impacts of spaceflight on human germ cell development remain unexplored. To address this gap, we deployed automated experimental platforms aboard China's Tianzhou-1 (TZ-1) and Tianzhou-6 spacecraft, enabling fluorescent morphological analysis and multi-omics profiling of stem cell derivatives under orbital conditions.
Read the full summary ↓
These systems incorporated live-cell imaging, remote operation interfaces from Earth, and integrated sample preservation for time-point-specific specimen capture. Our experiments revealed that spaceflight significantly reduced germ cell yields and dysregulated translational profiles, particularly in cytoskeletal organization and extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction pathways. However, whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide methylation analyses confirmed genomic stability, with no statistically significant mutations during short-term spaceflight. This work establishes an automated platform for real-time analysis of human germ cell differentiation in orbital microgravity and provides a foundation for future space biology research.
This dataset
Open GSE306610 in finder → Find more human datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE306610_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1311461 and SRA study SRP613487. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗
Study design
32 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 32 sample titles: 32 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
Datasets on a similar topic

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.