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Bifidobacteria infantis and human milk oligosaccharides have independent effects on immune response and amino acid metabolism in germ-free mouse models

GSE310711 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 15 samples Submitted 2026/06/01 Platform GPL34290
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 15 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
15 samples
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Early-life microbial colonization is essential for gut and immune development. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) support the growth of Bifidobacterium infantis (BI), a keystone infant species. Herein, we studied the individual and combined effects of BI and HMO on immune and colon transcriptomes, and the serum metabolome. Germ-free mice were randomly assigned to four groups [10-14/group: HMO, BI, BI+HMO and control (no HMO or BI)].
Read the full summary ↓
HMO and BI+HMO groups received 5 mg/d each of 2′-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose and 3′-sialyllactose for 14 d. BI and BI+HMO received B. infantis ATCC 15697 (1x10^9 CFU/d) on days 1, 4, and 9. Mono-colonization with BI increased monocytes, macrophages, B cells, CD4+ T cells, and Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) relative to control. In the spleen, BI alone increased B cells, dendritic cells, Th17 cells, and ILC3 cells, and enriched serum amino acid metabolism pathways. Additionally, BI influenced colonocyte gene expression, and modulated serum metabolites regulating circadian rhythms. BI+HMO increased MLN Th17 cells and spleen monocytes compared to HMO alone. Collectively, the results of this study highlight the complex interplay between host-microbe-diet interactions and emphasize the importance of considering these interactions when designing strategies to modulate infant health during early life.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE310711_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1366969 and SRA study SRP647259. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Samples in this study

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