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Soluble CD137 produced by Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T cells is immunosuppressive and restrains ongoing autoimmune diabetes

GSE310947 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 15 samples Submitted 2026/06/19 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 15 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
15 samples: 15 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Both soluble and cell surface CD137 expressed by Foxp3+ CD4 T cells restrain autoimmune diabetesThe Journal of experimental medicine · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
CD137 (4-1BB) is expressed in a subset of Foxp3+ regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs) but its role in Treg function is not completely clear. Due to alternative splicing that excises the transmembrane domain coding exon, CD137 is expressed as cell surface and soluble forms. We studied the function of CD137 in Tregs using the NOD mouse model of autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Read the full summary ↓
Treg-specific deletion of CD137 resulted in significant reduction of circulating soluble CD137 and considerably accelerated T1D development because of heightened clonal expansion and differentiation of effector T cells in pancreatic islets. CD137 deficiency in Tregs reduced their accumulation in islets and negatively impacted their differentiation trajectory toward a highly suppressive phenotype. Restoring Treg-derived soluble CD137 reduced islet T cell activation and delayed T1D onset without affecting the accumulation of phenotypically suppressive Tregs. Thus, as a major in vivo source, Treg-derived soluble CD137 participates in autoimmune control.
Published in
Both soluble and cell surface CD137 expressed by Foxp3+ CD4 T cells restrain autoimmune diabetes
Nabi R, Lin CW, Wang Y et al. · The Journal of experimental medicine 2026 · PMID 42412561 · doi:10.1084/jem.20252647
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE310947_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1367579 and SRA study SRP648296. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
15 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 15 sample titles: 15 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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