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ATAC-seq Reveals that Heme Regulates the Transcriptional Activity of Transcription Factors Driving CD8⁺ T Cell Exhaustion

GSE312102 Mus musculus Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing 8 samples Submitted 2026/01/25 Platform GPL24247
Summary
Regulatory heme is known to influence cellular behavior by modulating the activity of hemoproteins. We hypothesized that elevated levels of regulatory heme might drive T cell exhaustion through the modulation of transcription factor activity. To test this hypothesis, we first confirmed that treatment with hemin, a heme analog, effectively increased intracellular regulatory heme levels in T cells. To assess the transcriptional and chromatin changes induced by hemin, we performed ATAC-seq on CD8⁺ T cells treated with or without exogenous hemin. The ATAC-seq analysis revealed that hemin-treated T cells displayed a distinct chromatin accessibility landscape compared to vehicle-treated controls. Integration of ATAC-seq and transcriptomic data using the Taiji analytical algorithm revealed that hemin modulates the activity of transcription factors involved in T cell exhaustion, including BACH2, MYB, MAF, BATF, RUNX3, and PRDM1.
Published in
Proteasome-guided haem signalling axis contributes to T cell exhaustion
Xu Y, Shangguan Y, Chuang YM et al. · Nature 2026 · PMID 41851457 · doi:10.1038/s41586-026-10250-y
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1372174 and SRA study SRP650338. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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