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microRNA-25 drives initial resistance to immune checkpoint therapy by repressing innate and humoral immunity via Syndecan3 [In_vitro_RNA_seq_B16]

GSE313003 Mus musculus (mouse) Single-cell RNA-seq 10 samples Submitted 2026/02/01 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · mouse · 10 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
10 samples: 3 × NTC_IFN vs 3 × KO_noIFN vs 2 × NTC_noIFN vs 2 × KO_IFNGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
microRNA-25 drives immune checkpoint therapy resistance by repressing innate and humoral immunity via Syndecan-3Nature communications · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Immune Checkpoint Therapy (ICT) has demonstrated durable responses and long-lasting immunologic memory in cancer treatment. However, overcoming primary and acquired resistance remains a major challenge. Here, we show that CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of miRNA-25 (miR-25) sensitizes tumors to ICT across three syngeneic mouse tumor models.
Read the full summary ↓
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the tumor microenvironment (TME) revealed that miR-25 deficiency induces innate immunity by upregulating major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) in antigen-presenting M1-like macrophages and enhances the classical complement cascade in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to drive a humoral immune response. The complement activation polarizes CAFs from myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) toward inflammatory CAFs (iCAFs) while simultaneously reduces immune-suppressive interactions between CAFs and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). This shift results in a reduced macrophage population and fosters a pro-inflammatory, anti-tumor TME. Syndecan-3 (Sdc3), a membrane proteoglycan expressed in tumors, is repressed by miR-25 through miRISC (microRNA induced silencing complex) upon IFN-γ exposure. Using an adenine base editor (ABE8e) to mutate the miR-25 binding site in the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) of Sdc3 effectively overcomes the resistance. The repression of SDC3 by miR-25 is further validated in five human cancer cell lines upon IFN-γ exposure but remains unaffected in non-cancerous cells. These findings identify miR-25 as a key driver of initial resistance through the repression of SDC3 and demonstrate that miR-25 deletion or stabilization of SDC3 could transform immune resistant "cold" tumors into immune responsive "hot" tumors, offering therapeutic avenues to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Published in
microRNA-25 drives immune checkpoint therapy resistance by repressing innate and humoral immunity via Syndecan-3
Zhu Z, Han W, Deng Y et al. · Nature communications 2026 · PMID 42161938 · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73339-y
This dataset
Open GSE313003 in finder → Find more mouse RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE313003_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1378101 and SRA study SRP653705. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42161938) ↗
Study design
3 × NTC_IFN vs 3 × KO_noIFN vs 2 × NTC_noIFN vs 2 × KO_IFN

Supports a between-group comparison across 10 samples.

How we read this: 4 replicated groups read from 10 sample titles; they account for 10 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
Datasets on a similar topic

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