Splicing Isoforms Associated to TGFβ-Induced Myofibroblast Activation

Myofibroblast differentiation is a key process in developmental biology and involved in numerous physiopathology. The gene expression program orchestrating fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation as well as its recapitulation by TGFβ stimulation in vitro is relatively well characterized. Intriguingly, it is known that the splicing isoform EDA+FN1 is a marker and driver of myofibroblast differentiation but the alternative splicing landscape of myofibroblast is unknown. Here, we performed a high-throughput transcriptomic approach by RNA-Seq in a primary skin fibroblast line and uncover more than 250 splicing isoforms associated to TGFβ-induced myofibroblast using two different bioinformatic pipelines. This splicing profile highlights a distinct layer of regulation when compared to the global gene expression profile of myofibroblast. Surprisingly, TGFβ do not induce an EDA+FN1 splicing shift, although it stimulates global fibronectin expression. A 5 alternative splicing event (ASE) signature was further validated by ddPCR and AS-PCR and retrieved in publicly available RNA-Seq datasets describing other TGFβ-stimulated lung and skin fibroblasts. Thus, we conclude that the 5 ASEs signature may be used as putative universal myofibroblast markers and be of functional significance to myofibroblast formation and biology.