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The human Flower isoform hFWE4 facilitates cornification in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

GSE314399 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 23 samples Submitted 2026/02/24 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 23 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Topic
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomaThis series is part of our curated briefing on it.
Samples
23 samples: 6 conditions, mostly with about 4 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
The human Flower isoform hFWE4 facilitates cornification in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomaJID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common human tumor and arises from keratinocytes that comprise the epidermis and its associated hair follicles. Remarkably, transformed keratinocytes within a cSCC retain some ability to execute the terminal differentiation program that typically generates a stratified epidermis.
Read the full summary ↓
Instead of the polarized stratification towards the body surface seen in normal epidermis, cSCC keratinocytes differentiate concentrically inward to produce keratin pearls. It is well appreciated that cSCC differentiation status is correlated with degree of local invasion and potential for distant metastasis, with well differentiated tumors having a better prognosis. While molecular mechanisms that govern the differentiation process are incompletely understood, identifying candidate molecules associated with cSCC differentiation can provide new histologic markers for prognostic stratification. Here we demonstrate that Flower (FWE), a newly described regulator of lamellar body (LB) trafficking in normal epidermis, is specifically expressed within highly differentiated layers of cSCC. Genetic knockout of the hFWE gene dysregulates cornification and LB-related gene expression leading to abnormal keratinization patterns, while ectopic hFWE4 expression drives G1-arrest and exit from the proliferative basal keratinocyte population. Additionally, we find that poorly differentiated keratinocyte regions of human cSCC exhibit minimal FWE-positivity, while this population is readily detectable in well-differentiated regions. We propose that FWE represents a novel differentiation marker in cSCC that could be utilized for classifying differentiation status and prognostic stratifying these tumors.
Published in
The human Flower isoform hFWE4 facilitates cornification in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Rudd JC, Kuwong PT, Johnson RE et al. · JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health 2026 · PMID 42064974 · doi:10.1016/j.xjidi.2026.100468
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE314399_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1390829 and SRA study SRP656530. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
6 conditions, mostly with about 4 replicates each
WT, 5B2, ×4 WT, 6C9, ×4 WT, 6C10, ×4 KO, 2B8, ×4 KO, 1G10, ×4 KO, 2F7, ×3

Supports a between-group comparison across 23 samples.

How we read this: 6 replicated groups read from 23 sample titles; they account for 23 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
More Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma datasets

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