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HDI-STARR-seq library profiling of differential accessible chromatin regions (DARs) in livers of male, female and male treated with continuous growth hormone (cGH) mice.

GSE315771 Mus musculus (mouse) Other 12 samples Submitted 2026/01/07 Platform GPL17021
At a glance

mouse · 12 samples

Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
12 samples: 5 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI.
Paper
HDI-STARR-seq identifies functional GH-regulated sex-biased hepatocyte enhancers linked to liver metabolism and diseaseEndocrinology · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Massively parallel reporter assays (MPRA) are widely used to discover functional enhancers but have largely been limited to transfected cell models, which are confounded by vector-induced innate immune responses and lack the physiologically relevant cellular and endogenous hormonal context and chromatin environment of complex mammalian tissues.
Read the full summary ↓
Here, we combine hydrodynamic injection (HDI) with a modified STARR-seq-based MPRA, designated HDI-STARR-seq (PMID:39716078) to determine condition-specific enhancer activity in mouse liver at scale. Analysis of a synthetic STARR-seq library, comprised of 23,912 reporters regions spanning 1839 ATAC regions enabled functional assessment of mouse liver enhancer activity in vivo across three distinct biological conditions: male iver, feamle liver and continuous growth hormone (GH)-infused male liver, which is substantially feminized with regards to gene expression. HDI-STARR-seq reporters representing 305 ATAC regions showed sex-biased and GH-responsive enhancer activity that mirrored the regulation of their chromatin accessibility in hepatocytes, validating these sites as functional, physiologically regulated enhancers. These enhancers were enriched for activating histone marks (H3K4me1, H3K27ac) and for binding sites for GH-activated transcriptional regulator STAT5 and for the STAT5-dependent, sex-specific repressors BCL6 and CUX2, consistent with a cohesive regulatory network controlling hepatocyte lipid and xenobiotic metabolism. Further, de novo motif analysis identified binding sites for HNF4A and for several novel factors specifically enriched at the regulated enhancers. Importantly, sex-biased and GH-regulated functional enhancers were linked to both MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease)-enabling and MASLD-protective genes, indicating that GH-dependent chromatin remodeling at these loci is a key determinant of sex-differential liver metabolic disease susceptibility. This integrated in vivo approach defines a validated set of GH-regulated hepatocyte enhancers through which chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding drive sexual dimorphism in hepatic metabolism and sex-specific MASLD risk.
Published in
HDI-STARR-seq identifies functional GH-regulated sex-biased hepatocyte enhancers linked to liver metabolism and disease
Chang TY, Waxman DJ · Endocrinology 2026 · PMID 41866306 · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqag031
This dataset
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Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need.

All supplementary files ↗
3 · The original raw files

Whole study · RAW.tar

Everything the authors deposited as one archive (GSE315771_RAW.tar), including the raw array or instrument files. Can be large; the picker in step 2 takes just the samples you need.

Whole study · RAW.tar ↓

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1398936. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 41866306) ↗
Study design
5 conditions, mostly in duplicate
Male-Vehicle_TYC_STARR8_RNA ×3 Male+cGH_10days_TYC_STARR8_RNA ×2 Female-Vehicle_TYC_STARR8_RNA ×2 Female-Vehicle_TYC_STARR8_DNA ×2 Plasmid library_TYC_STARR8 ×2 Male+cGH_10days_TYC_STARR8_DNA ×1

Supports a between-group comparison across 11 samples.

How we read this: 5 replicated groups read from 12 sample titles; they account for 11 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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