YTHDF1 functions as a non-canonical nuclear checkpoint that couples R-loop homeostasis to innate immune restraint and adaptive immune resistance in cancer（RNA-seq II）

Innate immune signaling within cancer cells plays an important role in shaping antitumor immunity, yet the nuclear mechanisms that restrain inappropriate immune activation remain incompletely defined. YTHDF1 is an mRNA-binding protein previously characterized as a cytoplasmic m⁶A reader. Emerging evidence indicates that YTHDF1 also functions in the nucleus, where it associates with chromatin and contributes to the regulation of R-loop homeostasis. Loss of YTHDF1 results in R-loop accumulation, genomic instability, cytosolic DNA release, and activation of the cGAS–STING–type I interferon pathway. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 interacts with the chromatin remodeler ARID1A at immune-associated genomic regions, suggesting a cooperative role in maintaining genome stability and regulating immune-related transcriptional programs. To investigate the transcriptomic and chromatin-level consequences of YTHDF1 and ARID1A perturbation, we generated RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and R-loop CUT&Tag datasets in A549 human lung cancer cells. RNA-seq was performed in two experimental settings: (1) wild-type (WT) and YTHDF1 knockout (YTHDF1-KO) cells; and (2) WT, YTHDF1-KO, ARID1A knockdown (siARID1A), and combined YTHDF1-KO with ARID1A knockdown cells. In parallel, R-loop CUT&Tag profiling was conducted under the same respective conditions to assess genome-wide R-loop distribution. These datasets provide integrated transcriptomic and chromatin profiling resources for studying the roles of YTHDF1 and ARID1A in regulating R-loop dynamics and tumor-intrinsic innate immune signaling