scRNA‑seq of human intra‑hepatic CD4⁺ T cells reveals unique Treg transcriptional identities and two steady‑state tissue‑adaptation programs across healthy and HCC liver samples

We employed a single‑cell sequencing approach using the 10x Genomics platform, including scRNA‑seq, CITE‑seq, and paired TCR libraries, to investigate the molecular programs of human tissue‑resident regulatory T cells (Tregs). By analyzing CD4⁺ T cells from healthy liver and matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue with paired non‑tumoral liver samples, we characterized the transcriptional adaptations of intra‑hepatic Tregs under steady‑state conditions and their reprogramming within the HCC tumor microenvironment.