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Unique transcriptional profiles of adult human immature neurons in healthy aging, Alzheimer’s disease, and cognitive resilience

GSE325391 Homo sapiens (human) Single-nucleus RNA-seq 27 samples Submitted 2026/04/20 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

Single-nucleus RNA-seq · human · 27 samples

What it is
Single-nucleus RNA-seqGene activity measured in individual nuclei (used when whole cells are hard to isolate, for example from frozen tissue). Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
27 samples: 27 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Transcriptional profiles of immature neurons in aged human hippocampus track Alzheimer's pathology and cognitive resilienceCell stem cell · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
The existence and putative functional significance of immature neurons in the adult human brain, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, remains an open question. While rodent studies have highlighted active roles for adult-born immature neurons in the hippocampus under both healthy conditions and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), evidence from the human brain is limited and lacks detailed molecular characterization.
Read the full summary ↓
To address this gap, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing in aged healthy, AD and dementia-resilient human hippocampus to probe immature neuronal signatures and gene expression alterations associated with AD pathology and resilience. Employing a novel experimental and computational pipeline, we identified persistent populations of immature neurons across all donor groups, with transcriptional profiles reflecting ‘juvenile’ cellular functions, which are compromised in AD. Our findings suggest that the presence of these immature neuronal populations per se may actively contribute to maintaining homeostasis within the aged human hippocampus, and cognitive resilience in AD.
Published in
Transcriptional profiles of immature neurons in aged human hippocampus track Alzheimer's pathology and cognitive resilience
Tosoni G, Ayyildiz D, Snoeck S et al. · Cell stem cell 2026 · PMID 42034060 · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2026.04.002
This dataset
Open GSE325391 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE325391_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1439837 and SRA study SRP685159. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42034060) ↗
Study design
27 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Supports a case/control comparison: 12 samples read as cases, 6 as controls.

How we read this: Read from 27 sample titles: 27 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
Datasets on a similar topic

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