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Integrative analysis reveals ciliary dysfunction and compartmentalized LCN2 expression as distinct features of COVID-19 [PBMC]

GSE326313 Homo sapiens Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 5 samples Submitted 2026/04/03 Platform GPL29480
Summary
The unique pulmonary pathophysiology of COVID-19 compared with other respiratory viral infections remains poorly understood. We performed integrative bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with COVID-19 (n=24) or influenza (n=10) and healthy controls (n=10). While influenza primarily induced conventional inflammatory responses, COVID-19 triggered distinct microenvironmental remodeling characterized by a specific cilium-related gene signature (e.g., DNAH9, FOXJ1) and expansion of ciliated and airway epithelial cells. Cross-tissue comparison with peripheral blood mononuclear cells uncovered a compartmentalized immune response, particularly for Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), which showed opposite expression trends between the lung and systemic circulation. This study identifies ciliary dysfunction and epithelial-immune crosstalk as key features distinguishing COVID-19 from influenza and highlights epithelial-derived LCN2 as a robust, compartmentalized biomarker for disease severity.
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1445095 and SRA study SRP687693. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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