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Identification of 67 histone marks and histone lysine crotonylation as a new type of histone modification

GSE32663 Homo sapiens; Mus musculus Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing 9 samples Submitted 2011/10/06 Platform GPL9052Platform GPL11002Platform GPL13112
Summary
We report the identification of 67 previously undescribed histone modifications, increasing the current number of known histone marks by about 70%. We further investigated one of the marks, lysine crotonylation (Kcr), confirming that it represents an evolutionarily-conserved histone posttranslational modification. The unique structure and genomic localization of histone Kcr suggest that it is mechanistically and functionally different from histone lysine acetylation (Kac). Specifically, in both human somatic and mouse male germ cell genomes, histone Kcr marks either active promoters or potential enhancers. In male germinal cells immediately following meiosis, Kcr is enriched on sex chromosomes and specifically marks testis-specific genes, including a significant proportion of X-linked genes that escape sex chromosome inactivation in haploid cells. These results therefore dramatically extend the repertoire of histone PTM sites and designate Kcr as a specific mark of active sex chromosome-linked genes in postmeiotic male germ cells.
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA147047 and SRA study SRP008731. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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