Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Attenuates Venous Stenosis of Hemodialysis Vascular Access Arteriovenous Fistula.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred vascular access for patients undergoing hemodialysis and the majority of AVFs fail because of venous intimal hyperplasia (VNH). Results from our lab have shown that adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation to the adventitia of the outflow vein of AVF attenuates VNH in an immunodeficient mice. In the present study efficacy of Human AMSCs transplantation in treating AVF failure was tested in FoxN1 Nude mice with surgically created AVF. To explore the molecular mechanisms involved in MSCs transplantation improving AVF durability, we performed RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of the outflow veins of AVFs excised from mice 3 days after adventitial transplantation of MSCs.