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Interleukin-16 Establishes a Th1-dominant Tumor Immune Microenvironment And Potentiates Immune Checkpoint Therapies [scRNA-Seq]

GSE254991 Homo sapiens (human) Single-cell RNA-seq 12 samples Submitted 2025/01/20 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · human · 12 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
12 samples
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Interleukin-16 enhances anti-tumor immune responses by establishing a Th1 cell-macrophage crosstalk through reprogramming glutamine metabolism in miceNature communications · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Overcoming immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for the development of novel cancer immunotherapies. In this study, we revealed a previously unrecognized role of IL-16 in shaping anti-tumor immunity. Compared to healthy individuals, cancer patients exhibited impaired production of IL-16, which was associated with inferior patient prognosis.
Read the full summary ↓
In multiple murine cancer models, IL-16 administration augmented the anti-tumor immune responses and thus restrained tumor growth. Further investigation uncovered that IL-16 potentiated the polarization of T helper 1 (Th1) cells and the production of their effector cytokine IFN-γ. Mechanistically, IL-16 inhibited glutamine catabolism by downregulating the expression of glutaminase (GLS) in CD4+ T cells. The establishment of IL-16-dependent Th1 tumor microenvironment further increased the expression of CXCR3 ligands in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), thereby improving the therapeutic effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). In cancer patients who received anti-PD1 therapy, higher levels of IL-16 were correlated with better responsiveness. Finally, we found that the impaired production of histamine by mast cells was a contributing factor to the downregulation of IL-16 in TME. Therefore, IL-16 could potentially be utilized as a therapeutic approach to augment anti-tumor immunity, and improve the outcome of ICB therapy in cancer patients. Collectively, our research provided new insights into the biological function of IL-16, emphasizing its potential clinical significance in cancer immunotherapy.
Published in
Interleukin-16 enhances anti-tumor immune responses by establishing a Th1 cell-macrophage crosstalk through reprogramming glutamine metabolism in mice
Wen Z, Liu T, Xu X et al. · Nature communications 2025 · PMID 40064918 · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-57603-1
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE254991_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1072985 and SRA study SRP487937. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Samples in this study

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