Thyroid Hormone Signalling is Essential for the Maturation and Survival of Cochlear Root Cells in Mice

Thyroid hormone (TH) and/or its receptors (TRs) are essential for hearing, cochlear late-stage development, and maintaining endocochlear potential (EP). The mechanism underlying the EP reduction upon deficiency of TH or TRs remains unknown. The cochlear outer sulcus (root cell) is considered to be important for the maintenance of endolymph homeostasis and EP and undergoes dramatic morphological changes during the cochlear late-stage developmental window. It has been long neglected whether TH and/or TRs are required for root cell differentiation and function. Here we demonstrate a key role for TH or TRs in postnatal root cell development and survival in mice. Anti-thyroid drug-induced developmental hypothyroidism results in severe retardation in root cell differentiation. Targeted deletion of both TRα and TRβ but not individual TRβ in cochlear epithelium causes a similar impairment, compounded with an early-onset degeneration of root cells and a reduced EP, without obvious alterations in stria vascularis. Our results support that TRα and TRβ act redundantly in promoting root cell late-stage differentiation and maintaining its cellular homeostasis, and root cell dysfunction at least partially contributes to a reduced EP upon deficiency of TH or TRs.