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Systematic analyses of transposable element expression dynamics using long read RNA-seq in pluripotent stem cells and germ lineage cells [bulk RNA-seq]

GSE269273 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 16 samples Submitted 2025/07/30 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 16 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
16 samples: 7 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Transposable element expression and sub-cellular dynamics during hPSC differentiation to endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm lineagesNature communications · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Transposable elements (TEs) are genomic elements that are found in multiple copies in mammalian genomes. Previously thought to have little functional relevance, recent studies have reported roles for TEs in multiple biological processes, and particularly in embryonic development. However, due to their repetitive nature it has been hard to fully account for the contributions of TEs to the transcriptome.
Read the full summary ↓
To study the expression dynamics of TEs in human early development (hED), we performed in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm lineages, and constructed lineage-specific transcriptome assemblies using long-read sequence data to accurately place TE sequences in their transcript context. The analyses of specific TE types and genomic loci revealed lineage-specific expression patterns reflecting dynamic expression trajectories with an expression outburst of multiple TEs, including multiple LINEs and LRTs in the ectoderm lineage. We found several LTRs, including HERVH and LTRY7, to be highly expressed in hPSC and the endoderm, including endoderm-specific LTR6A. Indeed, a common feature of germ lineage-specific expression is the lineage-specific regulation of TE-containing transcripts with highly dynamic stability and subcellular localization. Chromatin association with TEs increased with differentiation. This study suggests that TEs contribute to hED via the regulation of chromatin structure.
Published in
Transposable element expression and sub-cellular dynamics during hPSC differentiation to endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm lineages
Babarinde IA, Fu X, Ma G et al. · Nature communications 2025 · PMID 40825949 · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63080-3
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE269273_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1120863 and SRA study SRP512259. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
7 conditions, mostly in duplicate
Bulk RNA-seq Endoderm Repeat ×3 Bulk RNA-seq hPSC Repeat ×3 Bulk RNA-seq Ectoderm Repeat ×2 Bulk RNA-seq Mesoderm Repeat ×2 Bulk RNA-seq hESF treated with endoderm-induc… ×2 Bulk RNA-seq hESF treated with mesoderm-induc… ×2 Bulk RNA-seq hESF untreated Repeat ×2

Supports a between-group comparison across 16 samples.

How we read this: 7 replicated groups read from 16 sample titles; they account for 16 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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